Where Markets Fail: Visible Hands

Markets are less perfect than commonly assumed. I have discussed their inability to price unknowns; the blindness of the assumptions that underlie market activity; that the implicit presumption that market fungibility bears consequences; and that markets are not systemic. How else do markets fail? They have visible hands, not invisible ones. Markets rely on symmetries between sellers and buyers,...
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Where Markets Fail: Markets Are Not Systemic

How else do markets fail? Markets are usually not systemic. Instead, from the bird’s-eye perspective of “Capitalism,” many businesses are “opportunities” in the same way that it feels good to hit yourself in the head with a hammer: It’s much better once you stop. For example, the rising sea levels induced by climate change necessitate the construction of seawalls to...
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Where Markets Fail: Markets Assume Fungibility

Have you ever lent a postage stamp to someone who rather than paying you back with an actual postage stamp, gave you the nominal amount of the stamp, say US 40¢, instead? This is aggravating because while the transaction is fungible due to the presumed exchangeability of currency, it is not an equal transaction. Why? Because acquiring a postage stamp requires much more than just 40¢. It also...
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Where Markets Fail: Markets Assume a Context

In the premiere edition of the Where Markets Fail series, I pointed out that markets are imperfect discounting mechanisms. In this installment, I demonstrate that markets assume a context entirely out of view of their participants, which can have deleterious effects for both suppliers and demanders. Let me lead with an example: In 1994 there was a price for camera film as well as a price for...
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Where Markets Fail: An Imperfect Discounting Mechanism

I am an avid fan of capitalism as well as a critic. While I agree that markets are generally better at discounting the future than individuals, there are inherent flaws in the markets that are difficult, if not impossible, to overcome. I point out these weaknesses because, just like with any mental model and organizing principle, knowing the weaknesses is the first step in avoiding or...
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What is Going On in the Financial Markets?

The only question that matters: what is going on in the financial markets right now?  Here’s my attempt at an answer. Usually in investing you can trust the fundamentals that underlie the economic performance of businesses to ultimately win the day.  Warren Buffett says it this way: in the short run the stock market is a voting machine, but in the long run it is a weighing machine.  In...
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