{"id":14248,"date":"2022-11-15T13:52:27","date_gmt":"2022-11-15T18:52:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jasonapollovoss.com\/web\/?p=14248"},"modified":"2025-09-05T14:51:28","modified_gmt":"2025-09-05T20:51:28","slug":"case-study-bob-kanes-letter-to-batmania","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jasonapollovoss.com\/web\/2022\/11\/15\/case-study-bob-kanes-letter-to-batmania\/","title":{"rendered":"Case Study: Bob Kane\u2019s Letter to Batmania"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;section&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_row admin_label=&#8221;row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Text&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]<\/p>\n<figure class=\"x-el x-el-figure c2-1 c2-2 c2-3x c2-i c2-h c2-21 c2-2c c2-29 c2-2a c2-5i c2-4v c2-3 c2-4 c2-5 c2-6 c2-7 c2-8\">\n<div><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: futural;\">Beloved cultural icon Batman was solely created by that godfather of comic book heroes, Bob Kane, right? Wrong. Due to the intrepid efforts of Marc Tyler Nobleman as shown in the 2017 Hulu documentary,\u00a0<em class=\"x-el x-el-span c2-2w c2-2x c2-3 c2-62 c2-13 c2-31 c2-63 c2-64\">Batman &amp; Bill<\/em>\u00a0about Nobleman\u2019s book\u00a0<em class=\"x-el x-el-span c2-2w c2-2x c2-3 c2-62 c2-13 c2-31 c2-63 c2-64\">Bill the Boy Wonder: The Secret Co-creator of Batman<\/em>\u00a0we now know that Bill Finger, a virtually unknown writer from the late 1930s, created much of what we associate with and love about the Caped Crusader.<a class=\"x-el x-el-a c2-2w c2-2x c2-66 c2-v c2-w c2-x c2-j c2-67 c2-3 c2-30 c2-31 c2-11 c2-32\" href=\"https:\/\/blogging.godaddy.com\/blog\/a6d795a4-a672-4120-a6ba-07384a52a2d8\/posts\/db901b69-1ab9-40bc-ace8-9479d9d193d7#_ftn1\" rel=\"\">[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: futural;\">As Batman grew in popularity in the 1960s due to the television show, Bill Finger protested that Bob Kane had stolen sole credit for the character. Sadly, Bill Finger died alone, in obscurity and poverty in 1974. If only Bill Finger had Deception And Truth Analysis (D.A.T.A.) on his side, the world would know that Bob Kane\u2019s claims as sole creator of Batman, in place for over 75 years, were false.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: futural;\"><em class=\"x-el x-el-span c2-2w c2-2x c2-3 c2-62 c2-13 c2-31 c2-63 c2-64\"><strong class=\"x-el x-el-span c2-2w c2-2x c2-3 c2-62 c2-13 c2-3v c2-63\"><\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-family: futural;\"><em class=\"x-el x-el-span c2-2w c2-2x c2-3 c2-62 c2-13 c2-31 c2-63 c2-64\"><strong class=\"x-el x-el-span c2-2w c2-2x c2-3 c2-62 c2-13 c2-3v c2-63\">Bill Finger\u2019s Contributions to Batman<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: futural;\">Most fans of Batman do not know that Bill Finger is responsible for:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: futural;\">Batman\u2019s cape, cowl, gloves, and the darker palette associated with the look of the hero<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: futural;\">Batman\u2019s identity as Bruce Wayne<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: futural;\">The Batmobile and Batcave<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: futural;\">Gotham City<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: futural;\">The script for the original Batman comic book, Detective Comics #27, as well as the second script, and many more thereafter<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: futural;\">The scripts that introduced major characters such as The Joker, Catwoman, the Riddler, Two-Face, Scarecrow, \u00a0and so on<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: futural;\"><em class=\"x-el x-el-span c2-2w c2-2x c2-3 c2-62 c2-13 c2-31 c2-63 c2-64\"><strong class=\"x-el x-el-span c2-2w c2-2x c2-3 c2-62 c2-13 c2-3v c2-63\"><\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-family: futural;\"><em class=\"x-el x-el-span c2-2w c2-2x c2-3 c2-62 c2-13 c2-31 c2-63 c2-64\"><strong class=\"x-el x-el-span c2-2w c2-2x c2-3 c2-62 c2-13 c2-3v c2-63\">Bill Finger, who?<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: futural;\">So why don\u2019t we know the name of Bill Finger equally with Bob Kane? The answer is that Bob Kane, the primary artist for Batman, vaingloriously stole the credit for the entirety of the creation and so it remained for 75 years (!) until DC finally acknowledged Bill Finger\u2019s role in Batman starting in 2015. Kane negotiated a contract with National Comics (later DC) that signed away ownership of the character in exchange for a sole mandatory byline and the attendant monetary consideration.<a class=\"x-el x-el-a c2-2w c2-2x c2-66 c2-v c2-w c2-x c2-j c2-67 c2-3 c2-30 c2-31 c2-11 c2-32\" href=\"https:\/\/blogging.godaddy.com\/blog\/a6d795a4-a672-4120-a6ba-07384a52a2d8\/posts\/db901b69-1ab9-40bc-ace8-9479d9d193d7#_ftn2\" rel=\"\">[2]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: futural;\">Big deal, right? Wrong! Due in large part to the overwhelming popularity of Batman as a character dating back to the 1960s, DC is now a billion dollar plus entertainment juggernaut and global phenomenon.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: futural;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-family: futural;\"><em class=\"x-el x-el-span c2-2w c2-2x c2-3 c2-62 c2-13 c2-31 c2-63 c2-64\"><strong class=\"x-el x-el-span c2-2w c2-2x c2-3 c2-62 c2-13 c2-3v c2-63\">Bob Kane\u2019s Letter to Batmania in 1965<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: futural;\">When Bill Finger emerged in the late 1960s seeking his rightful portion of Batman\u2019s monies, Bob Kane steadfastly denied the claims. Bill Finger was not alone in representing his share of the creation of his part of the Batman mythos. Many other writers who worked on Batman supported Finger\u2019s claims. To address these, Bob Kane, presumed sole creator of the Caped Crusader, wrote\u00a0<a class=\"x-el x-el-a c2-2w c2-2x c2-66 c2-v c2-w c2-x c2-j c2-67 c2-3 c2-30 c2-31 c2-11 c2-32\" href=\"https:\/\/twomorrows.com\/comicbookartist\/articles\/03kane.html\" rel=\"\">a letter to fanzine\u00a0<em class=\"x-el x-el-span c2-2w c2-2x c2-3 c2-62 c2-13 c2-31 c2-63 c2-64\">Batmania<\/em><\/a>\u00a0dated 14 September 1965 to debunk Bill Finger\u2019s claims.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: futural;\">D.A.T.A. has assessed for its level of deceptiveness the portions of the letter having to do with Bill Finger and found it scored -12.2%, which is about 1 to 2 standard deviations below the mean D.A.T.A. Score. Our scores range between -100%, deceptive, to +100%, truthful. In other words, we conclude that Bob Kane was being deceptive in his representations about Bill Finger.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: futural;\">As we mentioned above, Bill Finger died alone, in obscurity and in poverty, the victim of a multi-decade deception on the part of Bob Kane. D.A.T.A. could have provided a powerful assist in his claims for what was rightfully his; claims finally honored by DC in 2015 and now precede every Batman story.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: futural;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: futural;\"><a class=\"x-el x-el-a c2-2w c2-2x c2-66 c2-v c2-w c2-x c2-j c2-67 c2-3 c2-30 c2-31 c2-11 c2-32\" href=\"https:\/\/blogging.godaddy.com\/blog\/a6d795a4-a672-4120-a6ba-07384a52a2d8\/posts\/db901b69-1ab9-40bc-ace8-9479d9d193d7#_ftnref1\" rel=\"\">[1]<\/a>\u201cBatman &amp; Bill.\u201d Wikipedia.\u00a0<a class=\"x-el x-el-a c2-2w c2-2x c2-66 c2-v c2-w c2-x c2-j c2-67 c2-3 c2-30 c2-31 c2-11 c2-32\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Batman_%26_Bill\" rel=\"\">https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Batman_%26_Bill<\/a>Accessed 14 June 2022<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: futural;\"><a class=\"x-el x-el-a c2-2w c2-2x c2-66 c2-v c2-w c2-x c2-j c2-67 c2-3 c2-30 c2-31 c2-11 c2-32\" href=\"https:\/\/blogging.godaddy.com\/blog\/a6d795a4-a672-4120-a6ba-07384a52a2d8\/posts\/db901b69-1ab9-40bc-ace8-9479d9d193d7#_ftnref2\" rel=\"\">[2]<\/a>\u201cBill Finger.\u201d Wikipedia.\u00a0<a class=\"x-el x-el-a c2-2w c2-2x c2-66 c2-v c2-w c2-x c2-j c2-67 c2-3 c2-30 c2-31 c2-11 c2-32\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bill_Finger\" rel=\"\">https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bill_Finger<\/a>Accessed 14 June 2022<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Beloved cultural icon Batman was solely created by that godfather of comic book heroes, Bob Kane, right? Wrong. Due to the intrepid efforts of Marc Tyler Nobleman as shown in the 2017 Hulu documentary,\u00a0Batman &amp; Bill\u00a0about Nobleman\u2019s book\u00a0Bill the Boy Wonder: The Secret Co-creator of Batman\u00a0we now know that Bill Finger, a virtually unknown writer [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14249,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"<figure class=\"x-el x-el-figure c2-1 c2-2 c2-3x c2-i c2-h c2-21 c2-2c c2-29 c2-2a c2-5i c2-4v c2-3 c2-4 c2-5 c2-6 c2-7 c2-8\">\r\n<div>\r\n<div><span style=\"font-family: futural;\"><img class=\"x-el x-el-img c2-1 c2-2 c2-k c2-21 c2-1x c2-1y c2-29 c2-2b c2-s c2-68 c2-4f c2-3 c2-4 c2-5 c2-6 c2-7 c2-8\" title=\"Bob Kane\" src=\"https:\/\/img1.wsimg.com\/isteam\/ip\/b4167b12-c211-4a45-9c4b-489be14138f8\/Bob%20Kane.jpg\/:\/cr=t:0%25,l:0%25,w:100%25,h:100%25\/rs=w:1280\" alt=\"Bob Kane\" \/><\/span><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<figcaption class=\"x-el x-el-figcaption c2-1 c2-2 c2-v c2-w c2-3d c2-29 c2-2b c2-49 c2-69 c2-6a c2-6b c2-6c c2-3 c2-6d c2-3e c2-10 c2-3f c2-3g c2-3h c2-3i\"><span style=\"font-family: futural;\">Bob Kane<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: futural;\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<em><span style=\"font-family: futural;\">By Jason Apollo Voss, CFA<\/span><\/em>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: futural;\">Beloved cultural icon Batman was solely created by that godfather of comic book heroes, Bob Kane, right? Wrong. Due to the intrepid efforts of Marc Tyler Nobleman as shown in the 2017 Hulu documentary,\u00a0<em class=\"x-el x-el-span c2-2w c2-2x c2-3 c2-62 c2-13 c2-31 c2-63 c2-64\">Batman &amp; Bill<\/em>\u00a0about Nobleman\u2019s book\u00a0<em class=\"x-el x-el-span c2-2w c2-2x c2-3 c2-62 c2-13 c2-31 c2-63 c2-64\">Bill the Boy Wonder: The Secret Co-creator of Batman<\/em>\u00a0we now know that Bill Finger, a virtually unknown writer from the late 1930s, created much of what we associate with and love about the Caped Crusader.<a class=\"x-el x-el-a c2-2w c2-2x c2-66 c2-v c2-w c2-x c2-j c2-67 c2-3 c2-30 c2-31 c2-11 c2-32\" href=\"https:\/\/blogging.godaddy.com\/blog\/a6d795a4-a672-4120-a6ba-07384a52a2d8\/posts\/db901b69-1ab9-40bc-ace8-9479d9d193d7#_ftn1\" rel=\"\">[1]<\/a><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: futural;\">As Batman grew in popularity in the 1960s due to the television show, Bill Finger protested that Bob Kane had stolen sole credit for the character. Sadly, Bill Finger died alone, in obscurity and poverty in 1974. If only Bill Finger had Deception And Truth Analysis (D.A.T.A.) on his side, the world would know that Bob Kane\u2019s claims as sole creator of Batman, in place for over 75 years, were false.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: futural;\"><em class=\"x-el x-el-span c2-2w c2-2x c2-3 c2-62 c2-13 c2-31 c2-63 c2-64\"><strong class=\"x-el x-el-span c2-2w c2-2x c2-3 c2-62 c2-13 c2-3v c2-63\">Bill Finger\u2019s Contributions to Batman<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: futural;\">Most fans of Batman do not know that Bill Finger is responsible for:<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: futural;\">Batman\u2019s cape, cowl, gloves, and the darker palette associated with the look of the hero<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: futural;\">Batman\u2019s identity as Bruce Wayne<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: futural;\">The Batmobile and Batcave<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: futural;\">Gotham City<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: futural;\">The script for the original Batman comic book, Detective Comics #27, as well as the second script, and many more thereafter<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: futural;\">The scripts that introduced major characters such as The Joker, Catwoman, the Riddler, Two-Face, Scarecrow, \u00a0and so on<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: futural;\"><em class=\"x-el x-el-span c2-2w c2-2x c2-3 c2-62 c2-13 c2-31 c2-63 c2-64\"><strong class=\"x-el x-el-span c2-2w c2-2x c2-3 c2-62 c2-13 c2-3v c2-63\">Bill Finger, who?<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: futural;\">So why don\u2019t we know the name of Bill Finger equally with Bob Kane? The answer is that Bob Kane, the primary artist for Batman, vaingloriously stole the credit for the entirety of the creation and so it remained for 75 years (!) until DC finally acknowledged Bill Finger\u2019s role in Batman starting in 2015. Kane negotiated a contract with National Comics (later DC) that signed away ownership of the character in exchange for a sole mandatory byline and the attendant monetary consideration.<a class=\"x-el x-el-a c2-2w c2-2x c2-66 c2-v c2-w c2-x c2-j c2-67 c2-3 c2-30 c2-31 c2-11 c2-32\" href=\"https:\/\/blogging.godaddy.com\/blog\/a6d795a4-a672-4120-a6ba-07384a52a2d8\/posts\/db901b69-1ab9-40bc-ace8-9479d9d193d7#_ftn2\" rel=\"\">[2]<\/a><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: futural;\">Big deal, right? Wrong! Due in large part to the overwhelming popularity of Batman as a character dating back to the 1960s, DC is now a billion dollar plus entertainment juggernaut and global phenomenon.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: futural;\"><em class=\"x-el x-el-span c2-2w c2-2x c2-3 c2-62 c2-13 c2-31 c2-63 c2-64\"><strong class=\"x-el x-el-span c2-2w c2-2x c2-3 c2-62 c2-13 c2-3v c2-63\">Bob Kane\u2019s Letter to Batmania in 1965<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: futural;\">When Bill Finger emerged in the late 1960s seeking his rightful portion of Batman\u2019s monies, Bob Kane steadfastly denied the claims. Bill Finger was not alone in representing his share of the creation of his part of the Batman mythos. Many other writers who worked on Batman supported Finger\u2019s claims. To address these, Bob Kane, presumed sole creator of the Caped Crusader, wrote\u00a0<a class=\"x-el x-el-a c2-2w c2-2x c2-66 c2-v c2-w c2-x c2-j c2-67 c2-3 c2-30 c2-31 c2-11 c2-32\" href=\"https:\/\/twomorrows.com\/comicbookartist\/articles\/03kane.html\" rel=\"\">a letter to fanzine\u00a0<em class=\"x-el x-el-span c2-2w c2-2x c2-3 c2-62 c2-13 c2-31 c2-63 c2-64\">Batmania<\/em><\/a>\u00a0dated 14 September 1965 to debunk Bill Finger\u2019s claims.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: futural;\">D.A.T.A. has assessed for its level of deceptiveness the portions of the letter having to do with Bill Finger and found it scored -12.2%, which is about 1 to 2 standard deviations below the mean D.A.T.A. Score. Our scores range between -100%, deceptive, to +100%, truthful. In other words, we conclude that Bob Kane was being deceptive in his representations about Bill Finger.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: futural;\">As we mentioned above, Bill Finger died alone, in obscurity and in poverty, the victim of a multi-decade deception on the part of Bob Kane. D.A.T.A. could have provided a powerful assist in his claims for what was rightfully his; claims finally honored by DC in 2015 and now precede every Batman story.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: futural;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: futural;\"><a class=\"x-el x-el-a c2-2w c2-2x c2-66 c2-v c2-w c2-x c2-j c2-67 c2-3 c2-30 c2-31 c2-11 c2-32\" href=\"https:\/\/blogging.godaddy.com\/blog\/a6d795a4-a672-4120-a6ba-07384a52a2d8\/posts\/db901b69-1ab9-40bc-ace8-9479d9d193d7#_ftnref1\" rel=\"\">[1]<\/a>\u201cBatman &amp; Bill.\u201d Wikipedia.\u00a0<a class=\"x-el x-el-a c2-2w c2-2x c2-66 c2-v c2-w c2-x c2-j c2-67 c2-3 c2-30 c2-31 c2-11 c2-32\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Batman_%26_Bill\" rel=\"\">https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Batman_%26_Bill<\/a>Accessed 14 June 2022<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: futural;\"><a class=\"x-el x-el-a c2-2w c2-2x c2-66 c2-v c2-w c2-x c2-j c2-67 c2-3 c2-30 c2-31 c2-11 c2-32\" href=\"https:\/\/blogging.godaddy.com\/blog\/a6d795a4-a672-4120-a6ba-07384a52a2d8\/posts\/db901b69-1ab9-40bc-ace8-9479d9d193d7#_ftnref2\" rel=\"\">[2]<\/a>\u201cBill Finger.\u201d Wikipedia.\u00a0<a class=\"x-el x-el-a c2-2w c2-2x c2-66 c2-v c2-w c2-x c2-j c2-67 c2-3 c2-30 c2-31 c2-11 c2-32\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bill_Finger\" rel=\"\">https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bill_Finger<\/a>Accessed 14 June 2022<\/span>","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,465],"tags":[454,424],"class_list":["post-14248","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-the-blog","category-d-a-t-a","tag-case-studies","tag-fraud-detection"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jasonapollovoss.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14248","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jasonapollovoss.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jasonapollovoss.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jasonapollovoss.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jasonapollovoss.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14248"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/jasonapollovoss.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14248\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jasonapollovoss.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jasonapollovoss.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14248"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jasonapollovoss.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14248"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jasonapollovoss.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14248"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}