{"id":5285,"date":"2012-08-16T06:11:12","date_gmt":"2012-08-16T10:11:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.jasonapollovoss.local\/?p=5285"},"modified":"2018-09-21T02:04:17","modified_gmt":"2018-09-21T06:04:17","slug":"lie-detection-for-investment-professionals-a-summary-of-lying-and-deceit-behaviors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jasonapollovoss.com\/web\/2012\/08\/16\/lie-detection-for-investment-professionals-a-summary-of-lying-and-deceit-behaviors\/","title":{"rendered":"Lie Detection for Investment Professionals: A Summary of Lying and Deceit Behaviors"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">With more than 100 scholarly papers to her name, <a title=\"Bella DePaulo's website\" href=\"http:\/\/belladepaulo.com\/\">Bella DePaulo<\/a>, visiting professor of psychology at the University of California, Santa Barbara, is a preeminent authority on lying and deceit behavior. In her book, <a title=\"The Hows and Whys of Lies\" href=\"https:\/\/www.createspace.com\/3494416\"><em>The Hows and Whys of Lies<\/em><\/a>, the Harvard University\u2013trained researcher provides a thorough overview of the results of hundreds of lying and deceit behavior studies. Here is a summary of her major conclusions.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: 5%;\">\n<li style=\"padding-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">A review of 253 samples in which truth detectors were shown equal numbers of truths and lies found that the accuracy rate at detecting lying and deceit behavior was only 53%. This result is extremely similar to <a title=\"Lie Detection: How Can Financial Analysts Improve Their Ability to Discern the Truth?\" href=\"http:\/\/blogs.cfainstitute.org\/investor\/2011\/12\/21\/lie-detection-how-can-financial-analysts-improve-their-ability-to-discern-the-truth\/\">the 54% lie detection accuracy rate found by Dr. Maria Hartwig and Dr. Charles F. Bond, Jr.<\/a> in their paper \u201c<a title=\"Why Do Lie Catchers Fail: A Lens Model Meta-Analysis of Human Lie Judgments\" href=\"http:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/journals\/bul\/137\/4\/643\/\">Why Do Lie Catchers Fail: A Lens Model Meta-Analysis of Human Lie Judgments<\/a>.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"padding-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Ambivalence on the part of someone being questioned seems to be an especially strong indicator of lying or deceit. Again, this result is similar to that found by Hartwig and Bond.<!--more--><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"padding-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">People, when listening, often properly identify a lie, but when asked to commit to an assessment they do not listen to their intuition, thus nullifying the accurate assessment (<a title=\"Decoding Deception: A Look at the Process | Journal of Nonverbal\" href=\"http:\/\/www.springerlink.com\/content\/k564823w76w58l86\/\">Hurd and Noller 1988<\/a>).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"padding-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Additionally, truth detectors report feeling more confident when hearing the truth than they do when hearing a lie.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"padding-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">When talking for long periods of time, liars have a higher pitch than those who are telling the truth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"padding-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Liars take a longer amount of time to respond to a question when asked.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"padding-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">In general, liars are less talkative than truth tellers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"padding-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">If liars have had time to prepare their answers, they respond to questions faster than truth tellers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"padding-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">If liars have had less time to prepare their answers, they respond to questions slower than truth tellers.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Here is an overview of behavioral cues along with their correlations to the presence of lying behavior. Due to space constraints not all of the behaviors listed can be explained. <a title=\"The Hows and Whys of Lies\" href=\"https:\/\/www.createspace.com\/3494416\">DePaulo\u2019s book<\/a> contains further details.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border: 1px solid #050500; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\" border=\"1\" width=\"80%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"5\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #585856; color: #fbfbf7; width: 20%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Rank<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left; background-color: #585856; color: #fbfbf7;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Behavioral Cue<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #585856; color: #fbfbf7;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><em>r<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Cooperative<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u22120.66<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #c8c8c8;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Pitch (when motivated)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">0.59<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">3<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Verbal &amp; vocal immediacy (impressions)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u22120.55<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #c8c8c8;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">4<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Nervous, tense<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">0.51<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">5<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Admitted lack of memory<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u22120.42<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #c8c8c8;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">6<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Pupil dilation<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">0.39<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">7<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Blinking<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">0.38<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #c8c8c8;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">8<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Talking time<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u22120.35<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">8<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Related external associations<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u22120.35<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #c8c8c8;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">8<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Nervous, tense<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">0.35<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">11<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Makes sense<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">0.34<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #c8c8c8;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">12<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Rate of speaking<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">0.32<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">13<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Verbal immediacy (all categories)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u22120.31<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #c8c8c8;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">14<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Verbal &amp; vocal uncertainty<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">0.30<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">14<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Detailed response<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">0.30<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #c8c8c8;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">16<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Spotaneous corrections<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u22120.29<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">17<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Nervous, tense (overall)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">0.27<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #c8c8c8;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">18<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Vocal tension<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">0.26<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">19<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Chin raise<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">0.25<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #c8c8c8;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">19<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Logical structure<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u22120.25<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">21<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Foot or leg movements<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u22120.24<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #c8c8c8;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">22<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Plausibility<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u22120.23<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">23<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Verbal &amp; vocal involvement<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u22120.21<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #c8c8c8;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">23<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Word &amp; phrase repetition<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">0.21<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">23<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Complaints<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">0.21<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #c8c8c8;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">23<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Pitch<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">0.21<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">27<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Presses lips<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">0.16<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #c8c8c8;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">27<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Fidgeting, general<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">0.16<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">29<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Eye contact<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u22120.15<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #c8c8c8;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">30<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Illustrators<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u22120.14<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">31<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Foot\/leg movements<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u22120.13<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #c8c8c8;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">32<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Facial pleasantness<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u22120.12<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><em>Originally published on CFA Institute\u2019s \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.cfainstitute.org\/investor\/\">Enterprising Investor<\/a>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>With more than 100 scholarly papers to her name, Bella DePaulo, visiting professor of psychology at the University of California, Santa Barbara, is a preeminent authority on lying and deceit behavior. In her book, The Hows and Whys of Lies, the Harvard University\u2013trained researcher provides a thorough overview of the results of hundreds of lying [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12,3],"tags":[145,146,38,147],"class_list":["post-5285","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-best-of-the-blog","category-the-blog","tag-deceit-detection","tag-deceitful-behaviors","tag-lie-detection","tag-lying-behaviors"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jasonapollovoss.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5285","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jasonapollovoss.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jasonapollovoss.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jasonapollovoss.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jasonapollovoss.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5285"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/jasonapollovoss.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5285\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jasonapollovoss.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5285"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jasonapollovoss.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5285"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jasonapollovoss.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5285"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}