The Active Equity Renaissance: New Frontiers of Risk

One modern portfolio theory (MPT) pillar that is unquestionably broken is the use of volatility, specifically standard deviation, as a measure of risk. This initial error in MPT’s development is a major contributor to active investment management underperformance. Volatility Is Not Risk The concept of volatility as risk rests on a critical assumption that is overlooked by most of the...
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The Active Equity Renaissance: The Rise and Fall of MPT

In the early 18th century, Daniel Bernoulli proposed that individuals maximize expected utility when they make decisions under uncertainty. This reasoning launched the rationality model of human behavior that underpins many of today’s theories in economics and finance, including modern portfolio theory (MPT). The mathematical models that sprang from these theories provide a veneer of orderliness...
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Where Markets Fail: Markets Assume Fungibility

Have you ever lent a postage stamp to someone who rather than paying you back with an actual postage stamp, gave you the nominal amount of the stamp, say US 40¢, instead? This is aggravating because while the transaction is fungible due to the presumed exchangeability of currency, it is not an equal transaction. Why? Because acquiring a postage stamp requires much more than just 40¢. It also...
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The Active Equity Renaissance: Understanding the Cult of Emotion

“I know you are afraid and you should be afraid. I will invest you in products that will not stir up your fears.” This sentiment is applied over and over again in the investment industry in one form or another. It is the mantra of what my co-author Jason Voss, CFA, and I call the “Cult of Emotion.” The Cult is so pervasive, investment professionals are hardly aware how it affects virtually...
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The Active Equity Renaissance: Rejecting a Broken 1970s Model

The average active equity mutual fund underperforms its benchmark. This statement sparks little controversy and can be applied to active equity hedge funds as well. The story gets worse when the results are AUM-weighted. Collectively, active equity delivers no value to its investors and, in fact, extracts value from them. In our highly competitive markets, what industry can survive if it fails...
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Meditation Tips for Investment Professionals: Open-Monitoring Meditation

Meditation provides investors with many benefits. Below are meditation tips from the newly released Meditation Guide for Investment Professionals, the full version of which is available online for CFA Institute members. The initial installment of this series offered general tips to help with almost any meditation practice. The focus in this edition is open-monitoring meditation. Why? Because the...
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Where Markets Fail: Markets Assume a Context

In the premiere edition of the Where Markets Fail series, I pointed out that markets are imperfect discounting mechanisms. In this installment, I demonstrate that markets assume a context entirely out of view of their participants, which can have deleterious effects for both suppliers and demanders. Let me lead with an example: In 1994 there was a price for camera film as well as a price for...
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